The ocean covers more than 70 percent of Earth’s surface and is home to the majority of life on the planet. While humans are more familiar with land ecosystems, scientists agree that the ocean contains far greater biodiversity that has yet to be fully revealed. It is estimated that more than 80 percent of marine species have not yet been discovered or scientifically described.
One fascinating fact about the ocean is its ability to support life in extreme environments. From sunlit surface waters to the darkest and deepest trenches under immense pressure, living organisms continue to thrive. In the abyssal zone, more than 4,000 meters below the surface, scientists have found eyeless fish, transparent shrimp, and sulfur-eating bacteria that do not rely on sunlight to survive.
The ocean is also the most productive ecosystem on Earth thanks to phytoplankton. These microscopic organisms form the foundation of the marine food chain. Despite their tiny size, phytoplankton produce around 50 percent of the oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere. This means that one out of every two breaths we take comes from the ocean.
Coral reefs are another remarkable example of marine biodiversity. Although they cover less than one percent of the ocean floor, coral reefs support about 25 percent of all marine species. Fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and countless other organisms depend on coral reefs for shelter, breeding grounds, and food.
The ocean is also home to some of the largest animals ever known to exist. The blue whale, the largest animal in Earth’s history, can grow over 30 meters long and weigh up to 180 tons. Its heart alone is the size of a small car. At the same time, the ocean contains trillions of microscopic organisms that play a critical role in maintaining global ecological balance.
Unfortunately, much of marine life is now under serious threat due to human activities. Plastic pollution, overfishing, and climate change are causing widespread damage to ocean ecosystems. These facts highlight that while the ocean is vast and rich, it is also fragile and urgently needs protection to preserve its extraordinary biodiversity.
